Biogeosciences, 10, 193-216, 2013
www.biogeosciences.net/10/193/2013/
doi:10.5194/bg-10-193-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System

C. Hauri1,6, N. Gruber1, M. Vogt1, S. C. Doney2, R. A. Feely3, Z. Lachkar1, A. Leinweber4, A. M. P. McDonnell1,6, M. Munnich1, and G.-K. Plattner1,5
1Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
2Dept. of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
3Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
4Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
5Climate and Environmental Physics Group, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
6now at: School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

Abstract. Due to seasonal upwelling, the upper ocean waters of the California Current System (CCS) have a naturally low pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), making this region particularly prone to the effects of ocean acidification. Here, we use the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) to conduct preindustrial and transient (1995–2050) simulations of ocean biogeochemistry in the CCS. The transient simulations were forced with increasing atmospheric pCO2 and increasing oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations at the lateral boundaries, as projected by the NCAR CSM 1.4 model for the IPCC SRES A2 scenario. Our results show a large seasonal variability in pH (range of ~ 0.14) and Ωarag (~ 0.2) for the nearshore areas (50 km from shore). This variability is created by the interplay of physical and biogeochemical processes. Despite this large variability, we find that present-day pH and Ωarag have already moved outside of their simulated preindustrial variability envelopes (defined by ±1 temporal standard deviation) due to the rapidly increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The nearshore surface pH of the northern and central CCS are simulated to move outside of their present-day variability envelopes by the mid-2040s and late 2030s, respectively. This transition may occur even earlier for nearshore surface Ωarag, which is projected to depart from its present-day variability envelope by the early- to mid-2030s. The aragonite saturation horizon of the central CCS is projected to shoal into the upper 75 m within the next 25 yr, causing near-permanent undersaturation in subsurface waters. Due to the model’s overestimation of Ωarag, this transition may occur even earlier than simulated by the model. Overall, our study shows that the CCS joins the Arctic and Southern oceans as one of only a few known ocean regions presently approaching the dual threshold of widespread and near-permanent undersaturation with respect to aragonite and a departure from its variability envelope. In these regions, organisms may be forced to rapidly adjust to conditions that are both inherently chemically challenging and also substantially different from past conditions.

Final Revised Paper (PDF, 4108 KB)   Discussion Paper (BGD)

Citation: Hauri, C., Gruber, N., Vogt, M., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Lachkar, Z., Leinweber, A., McDonnell, A. M. P., Munnich, M., and Plattner, G.-K.: Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System, Biogeosciences, 10, 193-216, doi:10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, 2013.   Bibtex   EndNote   Reference Manager    XML

Read this post on Biogeosciences.